@article{stock_exploring_2023,

title = {Exploring multiple stressor effects with Ecopath, Ecosim, and Ecospace: Research designs, modeling techniques, and future directions},

author = {Andy Stock and Cathryn C. Murray and Edward J Gregr and Jeroen Steenbeek and Emie Woodburn and Fiorenza Micheli and Villy Christensen and Kai M. A. Chan},

url = {https://osf.io/rfghy},

doi = {10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.161719},

year  = {2023},

date = {2023-01-01},

urldate = {2023-01-17},

abstract = {Understanding the cumulative effects of multiple stressors is a research priority in environmental science. Ecological models are a key component of tackling this challenge because they can simulate interactions between the components of an ecosystem. Here, we ask, how has the popular modeling platform Ecopath with Ecosim (EwE) been used to model human impacts related to climate change, land and sea use, pollution, and invasive species? We conducted a literature review encompassing 166 studies covering stressors other than fishing mostly in aquatic ecosystems. The most modeled stressors were physical climate change (60 studies), species introductions (22), habitat loss (21), and eutrophication (20), using a range of modeling techniques. Despite this comprehensive coverage, we identified four gaps that must be filled to harness the potential of EwE for studying multiple stressor effects. First, only 12% of studies investigated three or more stressors, with most studies focusing on single stressors. Furthermore, many studies modeled only one of many pathways through which each stressor is known to affect ecosystems. Second, various methods have been applied to define environmental response functions representing the effects of single stressors on species groups. These functions can have a large effect on the simulated ecological changes, but best practices for deriving them are yet to emerge. Third, human dimensions of environmental change \textendash except for fisheries \textendash were rarely considered. Fourth, only 3% of studies used statistical research designs that allow attribution of simulated ecosystem changes to stressors’ direct effects and interactions, such as factorial (computational) experiments. None made full use of the statistical possibilities that arise when simulations can be repeated many times with controlled changes to the inputs. We argue that all four gaps are feasibly filled by integrating ecological modeling with advances in other subfields of environmental science and in computational statistics.},

keywords = {Cumulative effects assessment, Cumulative impact assessment, Ecospace},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{katsanevakis_twelve_2020,

title = {Twelve Recommendations for Advancing Marine Conservation in European and Contiguous Seas},

author = {S. Katsanevakis and M. Coll and S. Fraschetti and S. Giakoumi and D. Goldsborough and V. Ma\v{c}i\'{c} and P. Mackelworth and G. Rilov and V. Stelzenm\"{u}ller and P. G. Albano and A. E. Bates and S. Bevilacqua and E. Gissi and V. Hermoso and A. D. Mazaris and C. Pita and V. Rossi and Y. Teff-Seker and K. Yates},

url = {https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmars.2020.565968/full},

doi = {10.3389/fmars.2020.565968},

issn = {2296-7745},

year  = {2020},

date = {2020-01-01},

urldate = {2020-01-01},

journal = {Frontiers in Marine Science},

volume = {7},

note = {Publisher: Frontiers},

keywords = {Conservation Planning, Cumulative impact assessment, global change, invasive species, MPAs, Natura 2000, risk management, transboundary collaboration},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{katsanevakisTwelveRecommendationsAdvancing2020,

title = {Twelve Recommendations for Advancing Marine Conservation in European and Contiguous Seas},

author = {Stelios Katsanevakis and Marta Coll and Simonetta Fraschetti and Sylvaine Giakoumi and David Goldsborough and Vesna Ma\v{c}i\'{c} and Peter Mackelworth and Gil Rilov and Vanessa Stelzenm\"{u}ller and Paolo G. Albano and Amanda E. Bates and Stanislao Bevilacqua and Elena Gissi and Virgilio Hermoso and Antonios D. Mazaris and Cristina Pita and Valentina Rossi and Yael Teff-Seker and Katherine Yates},

doi = {10.3389/fmars.2020.565968},

issn = {2296-7745},

year  = {2020},

date = {2020-01-01},

urldate = {2020-10-22},

journal = {Frontiers in Marine Science},

volume = {7},

publisher = {Frontiers},

abstract = {Like most ocean regions today, the European and contiguous seas experience cumulative impacts from local human activities and global pressures. They are largely in poor environmental condition with deteriorating trends. Despite several success stories, European policies for marine conservation fall short of being effective. Acknowledging the challenges for marine conservation, a four-year multi-national network, MarCons, supported collaborative marine conservation efforts to bridge the gap between science, management and policy, aiming to contribute in reversing present negative trends. By consolidating a large network of more than 100 scientists from 26 countries, and conducting a series of workshops over four years (2016-2020), MarCons analysed challenges, opportunities and obstacles for advancing marine conservation in the European and contiguous seas. Here, we synthesize the major issues that emerged from this analysis and make 12 key recommendations for policy makers, marine managers, and researchers. To increase the effectiveness of marine conservation planning, we recommend (1) designing coherent networks of marine protected areas (MPAs) in the framework of marine spatial planning (MSP) and applying systematic conservation planning principles, including re-evaluation of existing management zones, (2) designing MPA networks within a broader transboundary planning framework, and (3) implementing integrated land-freshwater-sea approaches. To address inadequate or poorly informed management, we recommend (4) developing and implementing adaptive management plans in all sites of the Natura 2000 European conservation network and revising the Natura 2000 framework, (5) embedding and implementing cumulative effects assessments into a risk management process and making them operational, and (6) promoting actions to reach `good environmental status' in all European waters. To account for global change in conservation planning and management, we further recommend (7) developing conservation strategies to address the impacts of global change, and (8) incorporating biological invasions in conservation plans and prioritizing management actions to control invasive species. Finally, to improve current practices that may compromise the effectiveness of conservation actions, we recommend (9) reinforcing the collection of high-quality open-access data, (10) improving mechanisms for public participation in MPA planning and management, (11) prioritizing conservation goals in full collaboration with stakeholders, and (12) addressing gender inequality in marine sciences and conservation.},

keywords = {Conservation Planning, Cumulative impact assessment, global change, invasive species, MPAs, Natura 2000, risk management, transboundary collaboration},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}